现场常见问题
In many organizations anyone can plug into a meeting-room LAN port or join Wi-Fi and see the servers immediately. Personal phones, IP cameras and printers share a network with the accounts system. An attacker who gets in at one point can walk everywhere.
Zero Trust means "trust nobody by default, verify every time" and grant only the access that's needed. On the network, we make that real with NAC (network access control).
What NAC does
- Authenticates with 802.1X on wired and wireless. Our preference is certificate-based EAP-TLS. PEAP with AD passwords works too, but server-certificate validation must be enforced or credentials can be harvested.
- Profiles devices that can't do 802.1X, such as cameras, printers and IoT, and admits them via MAB with restricted access. MAC addresses are easy to spoof, so MAB must be paired with profiling and a tightly scoped VLAN.
- Checks posture: no EDR or missing patches means the quarantine VLAN.
- Assigns access dynamically: VLAN, ACL or security group tag by role, not by which port was used.
Rolling out without locking anyone out
We run in monitor mode for several weeks to build a full device list. Every time, we find devices nobody knew about. Then we enforce group by group. Segmentation between groups, CCTV versus finance for example, is enforced by internal firewalls. NAC also underpins guest Wi-Fi and BYOD onboarding.
功能
Wired and wireless 802.1X
Certificate-based EAP-TLS, or securely configured PEAP with AD.
IoT profiling
Recognises cameras, printers and other devices automatically.
Posture checks
Machines that fail go to quarantine until fixed.
Role-based access
Any port, same rights, following the person and device.
Guest and BYOD onboarding
Structured registration and approval of new devices.
Micro-segmentation
Restricts traffic between groups so attacks can't spread.
设计与实施
- 1
Inventory devices and group them by role
- 2
Deploy NAC/RADIUS with AD/Entra ID and PKI
- 3
Enable 802.1X in monitor mode on switches and Wi-Fi
- 4
Write policies and pilot with one group
- 5
Enforce group by group and add segmentation
适用场景
- Banks keeping unknown devices off branch networks
- Hospitals with many connected medical devices
- Universities with student-owned devices
- Ministries separating internal and visitor networks
常见系统规模
Foundation
适用于: One site, up to 300 devices
- 802.1X for staff Wi-Fi
- Separate IoT/CCTV/guest VLANs
- RADIUS tied to AD
Full NAC
适用于: 300–3,000 devices
- NAC platform with profiling
- Wired and wireless 802.1X
- Guest portal and BYOD
Zero Trust
适用于: High-risk multi-site organizations
- Posture tied to EDR/MDM
- Micro-segmentation via internal firewalls
- ZTNA for remote users
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常见问题
What about cameras and printers without 802.1X?
Use MAC Authentication Bypass (MAB) with profiling and put them in a VLAN that can reach only the NVR or print server. If someone spoofs a camera's MAC, all they reach is the NVR.
Will staff get locked out?
It's a real risk if you switch everything on in one day. We start in monitor mode, enforce one group at a time and have a rollback plan at each step.
Will our existing switches work?
Most managed switches support 802.1X and RADIUS. Advanced features like dynamic ACLs or CoA need checking model by model. Unmanaged switches won't work.
相关指南
企业 VLAN 入门:隔离访客、摄像机和员工网络
什么是 VLAN,802.1Q 标签如何工作,100 人办公室的 VLAN/IP 规划示例,以及如何在不停机的情况下改造在用的扁平网络。
Wi-Fi 安全:WPA3、802.1X 与真正有效的访客隔离
贴在墙上的 Wi-Fi 密码、挂在员工 VLAN 上的访客 SSID,是我们最常见的问题。如何选择加密模式、设计 SSID 与 VLAN,并在不影响打印机的前提下升级到 WPA3。
安全远程访问:VPN 何时够用,何时转向 ZTNA
远程访问 VPN 与零信任网络访问 (ZTNA) 的实际区别,现有 VPN 应先修补什么,以及如何管理需要远程接入的供应商。
密码策略与 MFA:别再强制每 90 天改密码
不少传统密码规则反而降低安全性。基于最新 NIST SP 800-63B 的密码策略、MFA 类型对比,以及适合信号差的外勤人员的推行顺序。
网管与非网管交换机:外观相似,差别很大
非网管、智能和全网管交换机有何不同,何时非网管仍够用,二层与三层,以及每台网管交换机都应做的八项设置。
Fortinet、Sophos、SonicWall 防火墙怎么选:老挝多站点
对比三家防火墙的集中管理、内置 SD-WAN、订阅到期后失效的功能、开启检测后的真实吞吐量,以及固件补丁习惯。
相关计算工具
相关解决方案
网络安全
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